How to Do House Wiring

It is always the wisest and safest decision to get house wiring done by an experienced electrician. However, having basic knowledge of house wiring helps homeowners identify small mistakes and maintain safety. This guide explains the required materials, wiring methods, and safety practices in a simple and clear way.

Required Materials

House wiring requires several materials, which can be adjusted according to your budget. In many homes, RCCB (ELCB) is not installed, but using one significantly improves safety. An RCCB cuts off power during current leakage and provides life protection.

Copper Wire Sizes

• Lights: 1.5 sq.mm
• Sockets / Power: 2.5 sq.mm
• Geyser / AC: 4 sq.mm

Other Materials

• PVC pipe (conduit)
• Distribution Board (DB)
• MCB, RCCB (ELCB)
• Switches and sockets
• Earthing rod / earth pit

Main Connection from NEA Supply

NEA Pole
   ↓
Energy Meter
   ↓
Main MCB (32–40A)
   ↓
RCCB / ELCB (30mA)
   ↓
Distribution Board (DB)

Distribution Board (DB) Setup

This is the most critical part of house wiring. MCBs must be selected based on electrical load. Installing a separate MCB for each heavy load is highly recommended for safety and performance.

Circuit	MCB Rating
Lights	6–10A
Normal Sockets	16A
Kitchen	16–20A
Geyser	16–20A
Air Conditioner	20A
Inverter Line	16–32A

Wiring Inside PVC Pipe (Conduit)

House wiring is generally done using two methods:

• Pipe (concealed) wiring
• Casing and capping (surface) wiring

For pipe wiring, install conduits before roof concreting:

• Use 25mm PVC pipe where multiple wires are required
• Use 20mm PVC pipe where fewer wires are required

• All wires must run inside PVC conduits
• Do not make wire joints inside pipes; always use junction boxes

Switch Board Wiring

Light Wiring

Phase → Switch → Light
Neutral → Direct to Light
Earth → Metal Body

Socket Wiring

Phase → Socket (L)
Neutral → Socket (N)
Earth → Socket (E)

Providing an earth connection to sockets is essential for safety.

Geyser / Heavy Load Wiring

• Provide a separate direct line from the DB
• Use 4 sq.mm wire
• Install a double-pole switch outside the bathroom
• Use RCCB and proper earthing for maximum safety

DB → MCB → DP Switch → Geyser
                    ↓
                  Earth

Earthing (Most Important)

• Create a separate earth pit
• Connect green earth wire to all sockets, DB, and geyser
• Earth wire size: 1.5–2.5 sq.mm

Do not use water pipes as an earthing connection.

Inverter / UPS Wiring (Optional)

• Provide a separate socket for inverter supply
• Do not connect geysers or heaters to the inverter
• Use a changeover switch

Final Safety Checklist

• Earthing test
• MCB operation test
• RCCB TEST button check
• Connection, joint, and nut tightening test
• Load balance test